International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

"Would the delegation recognize that the United States’ position on extraterritorial activities allowed the United States to commit violations everywhere except in their own territory? The non-applicability of the Covenant to extraterritorial activities led to impunity and rights violations. If all States were to share that interpretation, there would be no protection of rights at all. Was the Government ready to review its position concerning the extraterritorial application of the Covenant?"

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14383&LangID=E

The US NSA and the UK GCHQ are so obtuse that it doesn't warrant further comment.

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Parasitic Quadrifilar Helical Antenna

This article was reprinted in OSCAR News, March 2018: http://www.amsat-uk.org If you want to receive Satellite Weather Pictures , then you need a decent antenna, otherwise you will receive more noise than picture. For polar orbit satellites, one needs an antenna with a mushroom shaped radiation pattern . It needs to have strong gain towards the horizon where the satellites are distant, less gain upwards where they are close and as little as possible downwards, which would be wasted and a source of noise. Most satellites are spin stabilized and therefore the antenna also needs circular polarization, otherwise the received signal will flutter as the antennas rotate through nulls. The helical antenna, first proposed by Kraus in 1948, is the natural solution to circular polarized satellite communications. It is a simple twisted wire - there seems to be nothing to it. Various papers have been published on helix antennas, so the operation is pretty well understood. Therefore,

Weather Satellite Turnstile Antennas for the 2 meter Band

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Patch Antenna Design with NEC2

The older free Numerical Electromagnetic Code version 2 (NEC2) from Lawrence Livermore Lab assumes an air dielectric. This makes it hard (but not impossible) for a radio amateur to experiment with Printed Circuit Board Patch antennas and micro strip lines. Air Spaced Patch Antenna Radiation Pattern You could use the free ASAP simulation program , which handles thin dielectrics, you could shell out a few hundred Dollars for a copy of NEC4 , You could buy GEMACS if you live in the USA, or you could add distributed capacitors to a NEC2 model with LD cards (hook up one capacitor in the middle of each element.), but that is far too much money/trouble for most. More information on driving an array antenna can be found here: https://www.aeronetworks.ca/2019/03/driving-quad-patch-array-antenna.htm l Air Dielectric Patch The obvious lazy solution is to accept the limitation and make an air dielectric patch antenna. An advantage of using air dielectric, is that the antenn

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